When present, mineralocorticoid excess classically presents with hypertension and hypokalemia. Easy bruising, purple striae and a proximal myopathy may also be seen.
The symptoms of this condition may include weight gain, abdominal obesity with thin extremities, plethoric “moon face”, and interscapular fat deposition (“buffalo hump”). The most common hormonal excess state seen with ACCs is hypercortisolism with resultant Cushing’s syndrome. The adrenal medulla is part of the sympathetic nervous system and produces the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine (also known as adrenaline and noradrenaline). The outer zone is the glomerulosa, which secretes mineralocorticoid the intermediate zone is the fasciculata, which secretes glucocorticoids, most importantly cortisol and the innermost zone is the reticularis, which secretes androgens. The adrenal cortex consists of three concentric zones.
Each adrenal gland is essentially two separate and distinct endocrine gland – the cortex and the medulla.
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